1. 掌握下列词与词组
slave slavery owner freedom set (set, set )
fight law lawyer spare politics
president union civil war enemy
death consider wise honest set … free no more than in all spare time of one's own
break away from the Union break out
join up consider…as beat … to death call for
2. 掌握日常交际用语
1. What's on at the cinema this week?
2. What's it about?
3. That sounds interesting.
4. How do you know so much about it?
3. 巩固已学的定语从句，并学习由when/where 引导的定语从句
[基础知识]
1. 词法
(1) consider
[说明]作“认为”讲，后跟不定式的复合结构，表示“consider sb/sth to be”，这一结构表示
“认为某人／某事……”，“把……当作……”。与 “regard sb/sth as” 相同。
例如：Jenny is considered (to be) warm-hearted.
Jenny被认为是个热心人。
The Great Wall is considered as one of the most interesting places in the world.
长城被认为是世界上最有趣的地方之一。
(2) no more than
[说明]意思为“仅仅，只不过”，相当于only。它与数字连用时，意为“仅仅，至多”，强调
“少”，带有说话者的感情色彩。
例如：I have no more than ten yuan in my pocket, so I can only buy a hamburger for
lunch.
我的口袋里最多有10块钱，所以我只能买汉堡作午餐。
There were no more than two public hospitals in this city before liberation.
解放前，这座城市只有两家公立医院。
(3) be against
[说明]作“反对，违背”解，against是介词，后接名词或动名词。
例如：Are you for or against our project?
你是赞成还是反对我们的计划？
We are all for peace and against war.
我们都期望和平反对战争。
(4) set … free
[说明]作“释放，放出”解。
例如：They were set free a few days ago after they were in prison for five years.
他们在监狱被关了5年，几天前刚被放出来。
The old lady set the fish free so that they can swim freely in the river.
那个老太太把鱼放了使它们能在河里自由自在地游泳。
(5) break away
[说明]作“脱离，断绝往来”解，常与from连用，表示“同……脱离关系”，“同……决裂”。
例如：It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.
他和他的好朋友们决裂是错误的。
The students were encouraged to break away from the bad habits.
学生们被鼓励与坏习惯决裂。
(6) break out
[说明]作“爆发”，“突然发生”解。它与happen, take place, come out等词的用法一样，
是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。
例如：Could you tell me when World War II broke out?
你能告诉我第二次世界大战什么时候爆发的吗？
Shortly after the fire broke out, the firemen arrived and controlled the fire.
在火灾发生后很短的时间内，消防队员们就到达现场并控制住了火势。
I don't know why a quarrel broke out between the two neighbours because
they used to be close friends.
我不知道为什么这两个邻居之间会发生争吵，因为他们以前曾是很亲密的朋友。
(7) be free to do sth.
[说明]作“不受约束，随心所欲地做某事”解。
例如：Nowadays in some universities students are free to choose their favourite
course.
现在一些大学的学生们能够自由地选择他们所喜爱的课程。
During the holiday I can be free to do everything I like, such as swimming,
reading etc..
在假期中我能够自由地干我自己喜欢的事，像游泳，读书等。
[练习题]
1. Here are the things you must do when an earthquake _____.
A. breaks out B. breaks away
C. happened D. breaks down
2. We all consider Yang Chen _____ one of the best football players in China, as he
has been in a football club in Germany for 3 years.
A. to be B. as C. / D. all of the above
3. Taiwan is never allowed _____ the mainland anyway. It is known to all that it
belongs to China.
A. to break out B. to break in
C. to break away from D. breaking away from
4. Is the flower beautiful? Yes, at _____ it's _____ the one you bought for me.
A. last; as bad as B. last; no better than
C. least; not better D. least; no worse than
5. People in the village have decided to _____ a hospital this year.
A. put up B. build up C. set up D. take up
2. 语法句法
(1) 关系副词when, where引导的定语从句
1) when指时间，相当于at that time，在从句中作时间状语。
例如：She came at a time when we needed her most.
她是在我们最需要她的时候来的。
The little girl will never forget the day when she was sold and taken away
from her mother.
那个小女孩永远不会忘记她被卖掉离开母亲的那一天。
2) where相当于at that place，在从句中作地点状语。
例如：This is the house where ( in which) my grandparents used to live.
这就是我祖父母以前住过的房子。
Mum told her son to make a rule to leave things where he could find them
again.
妈妈告诉她的儿子总要把东西放在能找到的地方。
(2) so … that
[说明]
1) 作“如此……以致于”解，常用“so＋形容词／副词＋that从句”。
例如：She was so angry that she couldn't say a word.
(= She was too angry to say a word.)
她太生气了以致于说不出一句话。
Our maths teacher spoke so fast that we could hardly follow him.
我们的数学老师说话太快以致于我们很难听得懂。
It was so hot that we all went for a swim.
天太热了以致于我们都去游泳了。
2) so＋形容词＋ a/ an名词＋ that从句。
例如：He is so clever a student that everyone likes him.
他太聪明了以致于每个人都喜欢他。
It's so difficult a problem that none of us can work it out.
这个问题太难了以致于没有人能够做得出来。
3) such … that 作“如此……以致于”解。“such＋形容词＋名词＋that从句”。
例如：He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.
他太聪明了以致于每个人都喜欢他。
It is such a difficult problem that none of us can work it out.
这个问题太难了以致于没有人能够做出来。
(3) She did all she could to help him.
这句话可以这样说：She did all that she could do to help him.
主句和从句中有了相同的谓语动词do，从句中的do可以省略。
例如：The doctor did all he could to save the little patient who was badly
hurt in a car accident.
医生尽他所能来挽救这个在车祸中受重伤的小病人。
The workers have done what they could to finish the work early.
工人们尽其所能早日完成这项工作。
词法
(1) fight
[说明]
1) fight 既可以作名词；又可作动词。
在英语中有许多词既可以作名词，又可作动词。如answer, care, try, drink, dress, fire,
fish, hand, help, jump, knock, turn, visit, watch, work, test 等等。
2) 与fight 搭配的词组有：
fight for 为（争取）……而斗争
fight against 为（反对）……而战
fight with 与……搏斗
例如：The workers are fighting for their rights.
工人们为争取他们的权利而斗争。
Two dogs fought for a bone, and a third ran away with it.
鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。
The Chinese fought against the Japanese Army for peace.
中国人民为争取和平而同日本侵略军作战。
Young students should be ready to fight against difficulties.
青年学生要时刻准备着与困难作斗争。
(2) as
[说明]
1) as 作连词用，表示“在……时候”的意思。
例如：Even as a boy, Tom was good at maths.
当Tom还是个孩子的时候，就擅长数学。
I heard a cry for help as I was crossing the road.
当我过马路的时候听到了呼救声。
2) as 还可以作介词，后面跟名词，是说明职业或用途的，“当作”“作为”。
例如：As a teacher, I'd like to give you some advice on how to learn English.
作为老师我愿意就怎样学好英语给你们一些建议。
(3) use
[说明]
1)used to + 动词原形，表示“过去常常”，指过去的习惯或状态。
sb. used to do sth 指的是“以前他常做某事，暗含现在不做了”。
例如：He used to play cards a lot.
他过去常打牌。
Sam used to like pop music, but now he doesn't like it.
Sam过去曾经喜欢流行音乐，但他现在不喜欢了。
2)be used to 表示“习惯于……”to 是介词，后接名词或动名词，可用于各种时态。
例如：Sam has lived in Paris for six years, so he is quite used to the traffic.
Sam在巴黎住了6年，所以他很习惯那里的交通。
Mr Smith was put into the prison for bribery, but he used to be used to simple life.
Smith先生由于受贿被关进了监狱，但他过去习惯于简朴的生活。
(4) be sad at…
[说明]作“听到／看到……而难过”解，表示引起某种情绪的原因。类似的词还有be surprised at;
be angry at; be glad at; be happy at; be frightened at 等等。
例如：Micheal was angry at losing the chance to go abroad.
Micheal失去了出国的机会，很生气。
2. 语法句法
(1) 先行词是表时间或地点的名词时，关系词的选择要慎重，必须看它在从句中充当什么成分。
下列句子就不能用when或where：
例如：The bridge ( which/ that) they built 10 years ago was destroyed in the floods in
1998.
他们十年前建的那座桥在1998年的洪水中毁坏了。
We'll never forget the day (that/ which) we spent together in the university.
我们将不会忘记我们在大学一起度过的日子。
(2) 通常可用“介词＋which”的形式来替代when或where。当介词未直接置于引导词前时，也可用
关系代词that替代which。
例如：It also keeps a record of the date on which/ when they will travel.
它还把他们旅行的日期也记录下来。
They were held in Greece-the country in which/ where the games were born.
它们是在奥运会的发源地希腊举行的。
